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The Faqir (; (ヒンディー語:फ़क़ीर), (ウルドゥー語:فقیر)) are a Muslim ethnic group in India. They are also known as Shah Alvi or Sain in North India, which is now their preferred self-designation and in West Bengal, they are known as Sahajia.They are also regarded as syed or peer saheb. Some Muslims also visits the holy shrines ( majar or dargah of peer fakir.They are respected as Muslim Brahmins. Some live in the Terai region of Nepal.〔People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part One edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 355-358〕〔People of India Maharshtra Volume XXX Part One edited by B.V Bhanu, B.R Bhatnagar, D.K Bose, V.S Kulkarni and J Sreenath pages 578-582〕 == History and origin == The word fakir or faqir ((アラビア語:فقیر) (noun of faqr)) is derived from the word ''faqr'' ((アラビア語:فقر), "poverty") It is a Muslim Sufi ascetic in Middle East and South Asia and the Faqirs were wandering Dervishes teaching Islam and living on alms.〔''God Speaks'', Meher Baba, Dodd Meade, 1955, 2nd Ed. p. 305〕 In India, they are a community of mendicants who belonged to a number of Sufi orders. Over time their descendents have formed a distinct endogamous community. In Uttar Pradesh, the Faqir have eight divisions, of which the Sain and Jogi Faqir now form distinct communities. The six remaining divisions are as follows; the Jalalia, Zinda Shahi, Chishti, Qalandari, Pakhiya and Rifai. Among the Faqir of Uttar Pradesh, there is an hierarchy of sorts, with the Jalali claiming precedence, on account of the fact the order started in Iran, and then arrived in India. While the Zinda Shahi are followers of a Sufi known as Zinda Shah Madar, The Real name is 'Syed Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar' (Madar means pole of the Universe) who's shrine is located in Makanpur, district Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. He was a great Sufi Legend and lived a life of 596 years. He was among the first Sufi's to arrive in India & is the largest Sufi following in India & Asia . The word ''zinda'' in Urdu means alive, on account of the Zinda Shahi belief that spiritual guide is still alive. The Shrine attracts thousands of pilgrims and during annual fairs both in Basant Panchmi & Islamic month of jamadil Awal the numbers rose to millions. He was a great Sufi saints and his contemperies were Mir Ashraf Jahangir Simnani of Kichowcha, UP, Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad, Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti of Ajmer & many great Sufis of his time. The Chishti are well known Sufi order, the Chishti Faqirs outnumber the other three Sunni groupings, and are followers of the famous Sufi saint Moinuddin Chishti. While the Qalandari are followers of Bu Ali Qalander, and the Pakhiya and Rifai are well known Sufi orders. In additions to these four groupings, the Sain now form a distinct grouping, and are no longer considered as Faqirs, while the Jogi Faqir, as a community of Muslim Rajputs also consider themselves distinct from the larger Faqir community.〔People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part One edited by A Hasan & J C Das pages 470 to 474 Manohar Publications〕 The Faqirs of Gujarat consist of five divisions, the Junhasha, Madari, Rafai, Jalili and Sarbadi. They are distributed all over Gujarat, and many now live in settlements around tombs of famous Sufi saints. Some are employed as caretakers at the various shrines, while others are beggars. The Faqir speak Gujarati, with many now understanding Urdu.〔People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part One edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 355-358〕 In Maharashtra, the word Faqir is a general term for a class of Muslim Sufi. The Maharashtra Faqirs claim descent from Abu Bakar, the first caliph and Ali the fourth caliph of Islam. They are further divided into two groupings, the Ba-shara, who follow the rules of Islam, and Be-shara, who do not follow the shariat. Many of the Be-shara lead a nomadic existence.〔People of India Maharshtra Volume XXX Part One edited by B.V Bhanu, B.R Bhatnagar, D.K Bose, V.S Kulkarni and J Sreenath pages 578-582〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Faqir (clan)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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